Internet Engineering Task Force M. Baushke Internet-Draft Juniper Networks, Inc. Updates: 4253, 4432, 4462 (if approved) September 13, 2016 Intended status: Standards Track Expires: March 17, 2017 More Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman (DH) Key Exchange (KEX) Groups for Secure Shell (SSH) draft-ietf-curdle-ssh-modp-dh-sha2-01 Abstract This document defines added Modular Exponential (MODP) Groups for the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol using SHA-2 hashes. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on March 17, 2017. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Baushke Expires March 17, 2017 [Page 1] Internet-Draft More MODP DH KEX Groups for SSH September 2016 1. Overview and Rationale Secure Shell (SSH) is a common protocol for secure communication on the Internet. Due to recent security concerns with SHA-1 [RFC6194] and with MODP groups with less than 2048 bits [NIST-SP-800-131Ar1] implementer and users request support for larger Diffie Hellman (DH) MODP group sizes with data integrity verification using the SHA-2 family of secure hash algorithms as well as MODP groups providing more security. The United States Information Assurance Directorate at the National Security Agency has published a FAQ [MFQ-U-OO-815099-15] suggesting both: a) DH groups using less than 3072-bits, and b) the use of SHA-2 based hashes less than SHA2-384, are no longer sufficient for transport of Top Secret information. For this reason, the new MODP groups are being introduced starting with the MODP 3072-bit group 15 are all using SHA2-512 as the hash algorithm. The DH 2048-bit MODP group 14 is already present in most SSH implementations and most implementations already have a SHA2-256 implementation, so diffie-hellman-group14-sha256 is provided as an easy to implement and faster to use key exchange for small embedded applications. In [RFC4462], there is another method for providing DH key exchange with MODP Groups using "Generic Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API)". This RFC extends the "gss-*" MODP DH groups and provides for using SHA-2 based hashes for them as well. Please send comments on this draft to ietf-ssh@NetBSD.org and ietf- curdle@ietf.org. 2. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. 3. Key Exchange Algorithms This memo adopts the style and conventions of [RFC4253] in specifying how the use of new data key exchange is indicated in SSH. Baushke Expires March 17, 2017 [Page 2] Internet-Draft More MODP DH KEX Groups for SSH September 2016 The following new key exchange algorithms are defined: Key Exchange Method Name diffie-hellman-group14-sha256 diffie-hellman-group15-sha512 diffie-hellman-group16-sha512 diffie-hellman-group17-sha512 diffie-hellman-group18-sha512 gss-group14-sha256-* gss-group15-sha512-* gss-group16-sha512-* gss-group17-sha512-* gss-group18-sha512-* Figure 1 The SHA-2 family of secure hash algorithms are defined in [FIPS-180-4]. The method of key exchange used for the name "diffie-hellman- group14-sha256" is the same as that for "diffie-hellman-group14-sha1" except that the SHA2-256 hash algorithm is used. The method of key exchange used for the name "gss-group14-sha256-*" is the same as that for "gss-group14-sha1-*" except that the SHA2-256 hash algorithm is used. The group15 through group18 names are the same as those specified in [RFC3526] 3071-bit MODP Group 15, 4096-bit MODP Group 16, 6144-bit MODP Group 17, and 8192-bit MODP Group 18. The SHA2-512 algorithm is to be used when "sha512" is specified as a part of the key exchange method name. 4. IANA Considerations This document augments the Key Exchange Method Names in [RFC4253]. IANA is requested to add to the Key Exchange Method Names algorithm registry with the following entries: Baushke Expires March 17, 2017 [Page 3] Internet-Draft More MODP DH KEX Groups for SSH September 2016 Key Exchange Method Name Reference ----------------------------- ---------- diffie-hellman-group14-sha256 This Draft diffie-hellman-group15-sha512 This Draft diffie-hellman-group16-sha512 This Draft diffie-hellman-group17-sha512 This Draft diffie-hellman-group18-sha512 This Draft gss-group14-sha256-* This Draft gss-group15-sha512-* This Draft gss-group16-sha512-* This Draft gss-group17-sha512-* This Draft gss-group18-sha512-* This Draft [TO BE REMOVED: This registration should take place at the following location: ] 5. Security Considerations The security considerations of [RFC4253] apply to this document. The security considerations of [RFC3526] suggest that these MODP groups have security strengths given in this table. They are based on [RFC3766] Determining Strengths For Public Keys Used For Exchanging Symmetric Keys. Group modulus security strength estimates (RFC3526) +--------+----------+---------------------+---------------------+ | Group | Modulus | Strength Estimate 1 | Strength Estimate 2 | | | +----------+----------+----------+----------+ | | | | exponent | | exponent | | | | in bits | size | in bits | size | +--------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ | 14 | 2048-bit | 110 | 220- | 160 | 320- | | 15 | 3072-bit | 130 | 260- | 210 | 420- | | 16 | 4096-bit | 150 | 300- | 240 | 480- | | 17 | 6144-bit | 170 | 340- | 270 | 540- | | 18 | 8192-bit | 190 | 380- | 310 | 620- | +--------+----------+---------------------+---------------------+ Figure 2 Many users seem to be interested in the perceived safety of using larger MODP groups and hashing with SHA2-based algorithms. Baushke Expires March 17, 2017 [Page 4] Internet-Draft More MODP DH KEX Groups for SSH September 2016 6. References 6.1. Normative References [FIPS-180-4] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Secure Hash Standard (SHS)", FIPS PUB 180-4, August 2015, . [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC3526] Kivinen, T. and M. Kojo, "More Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange (IKE)", RFC 3526, DOI 10.17487/RFC3526, May 2003, . [RFC4253] Ylonen, T. and C. Lonvick, Ed., "The Secure Shell (SSH) Transport Layer Protocol", RFC 4253, DOI 10.17487/RFC4253, January 2006, . 6.2. Informative References [MFQ-U-OO-815099-15] "National Security Agency/Central Security Service", "CNSA Suite and Quantum Computing FAQ", January 2016, . [NIST-SP-800-131Ar1] Barker, and Roginsky, "Transitions: Recommendation for the Transitioning of the Use of Cryptographic Algorithms and Key Lengths", NIST Special Publication 800-131A Revision 1, November 2015, . [RFC3766] Orman, H. and P. Hoffman, "Determining Strengths For Public Keys Used For Exchanging Symmetric Keys", BCP 86, RFC 3766, DOI 10.17487/RFC3766, April 2004, . Baushke Expires March 17, 2017 [Page 5] Internet-Draft More MODP DH KEX Groups for SSH September 2016 [RFC4462] Hutzelman, J., Salowey, J., Galbraith, J., and V. Welch, "Generic Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) Authentication and Key Exchange for the Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol", RFC 4462, DOI 10.17487/RFC4462, May 2006, . [RFC6194] Polk, T., Chen, L., Turner, S., and P. Hoffman, "Security Considerations for the SHA-0 and SHA-1 Message-Digest Algorithms", RFC 6194, DOI 10.17487/RFC6194, March 2011, . Author's Address Mark D. Baushke Juniper Networks, Inc. 1133 Innovation Way Sunnyvale, CA 94089-1228 US Phone: +1 408 745 2952 Email: mdb@juniper.net URI: http://www.juniper.net/ Baushke Expires March 17, 2017 [Page 6]