MPLS Working Group I. Busi (Ed)
Internet Draft Alcatel-Lucent
Intended status: Informational
Expires: April 2009 B. Niven-Jenkins (Ed)
BT
October 27, 2008
MPLS-TP OAM Framework and Overview
draft-busi-mpls-tp-oam-framework-00
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Abstract
Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) is
based on a profile of the MPLS and pseudowire (PW) procedures as
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specified in the MPLS Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE), pseudowire (PW)
and multi-segment PW (MS-PW) architectures complemented with
additional Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM)
procedures for fault, performance and protection-switching management
for packet transport applications that do not rely on the presence of
a control plane.
This document provides a framework for supporting the MPLS-TP OAM
requirements .[10] in a manner that admits a comprehensive set of OAM
procedures.
Conventions used in this document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 .[1].
Table of Contents
1. Introduction...................................................3
1.1. Contributing Authors......................................3
1.2. Terminology...............................................3
1.3. Definitions...............................................4
2. Functional Components..........................................4
2.1. Maintenance Entity........................................5
2.2. Maintenance End Points (MEPs).............................6
2.3. Maintenance Intermediate Points (MIPs)....................6
2.4. Server MEPs...............................................6
3. Reference Model................................................7
3.1. MPLS-TP Section Monitoring................................9
3.2. MPLS-TP LSP End-to-End Monitoring........................10
3.3. MPLS-TP LSP Tandem Connection Monitoring.................11
3.4. MPLS-TP PW Monitoring....................................12
3.5. MPLS-TP MS-PW Tandem Connection Monitoring...............12
4. OAM Functions for pro-active monitoring.......................13
4.1. Continuity Check and Connectivity Verification...........13
4.1.1. Applications for proactive CC & CV function.........15
4.2. Remote Defect Indication.................................15
4.2.1. Configuration considerations........................15
4.2.2. Applications for Remote Defect Indication...........16
4.3. Alarm Suppression........................................16
4.4. Lock Indication..........................................17
4.5. Packet Loss Measurement..................................17
4.6. Client Signal Fail.......................................17
5. OAM Functions for on-demand monitoring........................17
5.1. Continuity Check and Connectivity Verification...........17
5.1.1. Configuration considerations........................18
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5.2. Packet Loss Measurement..................................18
5.3. Diagnostic Test..........................................18
5.4. Trace routing............................................18
5.5. Packet Delay Measurement.................................18
6. OAM Protocols Overview........................................18
7. Security Considerations.......................................18
8. IANA Considerations...........................................19
9. Acknowledgments...............................................19
10. References...................................................19
10.1. Normative References....................................19
10.2. Informative References..................................20
Authors' Addresses...............................................20
Contributing Authors' Addresses..................................20
Intellectual Property Statement..................................21
Disclaimer of Validity...........................................22
1. Introduction
As noted in the architecture for MPLS-TP .[8] the overall
architecture framework for MPLS-TP is based on a profile of the MPLS
and PW procedures as specified in the MPLS-TE and (MS-)PW
architectures defined in RFC 3031 .[2], RFC 3985 .[5] and .[6]
complemented with additional OAM procedures for fault, performance
and protection-switching management for packet transport applications
that do not rely on the presence of a control plane.
In line with .[11], existing MPLS OAM mechanisms will be used
wherever possible and new OAM mechanisms will be defined only where
existing mechanisms are not sufficient to meet the requirements.
The MPLS-TP OAM framework must satisfy the MPLS-TP OAM requirements .
[10] in a manner that provides for a comprehensive set of OAM
procedures. In this regard, it is similar to existing SONET/SDH and
OTH OAM mechanisms (e.g. .[12]).
1.1. Contributing Authors
Italo Busi, Ben Niven-Jenkins, Annamaria Fulignoli, Enrique
Hernandez-Valencia, Lieven Levrau, Dinesh Mohan, Vincenzo Sestito,
Nurit Sprecher, Huub van Helvoort, Martin Vigoureux, Yaacov
Weingarten
1.2. Terminology
LME LSP Maintenance Entity
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ME Maintenance Entity
MEP Maintenance End Point
MIP Maintenance Intermediate Point
PME PW Maintenance Entity
SME Section Maintenance Entity
TCME Tandem Connection Maintenance Entity
TPME Tandem PW Maintenance Entity
1.3. Definitions
MPLS Section: to be added in a future revision of this document.
OAM flow: to be added in a future revision of this document.
Tandem Connection: A tandem connection corresponds to a segment of a
path. This may be either a segment of an LSP (i.e. a sub-path), or
one or more segment(s) of a PW.
2. Functional Components
MPLS-TP OAM operates in the context of Maintenance Entities (MEs). A
Maintenance Entity can be viewed as the association of two (or more)
Maintenance End Points (MEPs), see below. The MEPS that form an ME
should be configured and managed to limit the OAM responsibilities of
an OAM flow within a network or sub-network in the specific layer
network that is being monitored and managed. Each OAM flow is
associated to a unique ME.
Each MEP within an ME resides at the boundaries of that ME. An ME may
also include a set of zero or more Maintenance Intermediate Points
(MIPs), which reside within the Maintenance Entity.
A MEP is capable of initiating and terminating OAM messages for fault
management and performance monitoring.
A MIP is capable of generating OAM messages only in reaction to
received OAM packets.
This functional model defines the relationships between all OAM
entities from a maintenance perspective, to allow each Maintenance
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Entity to monitor and manage the layer network under its
responsibility and easily localize problems.
MEPs and MIPs are configured either via the management plane and/or
the control plane, and they are associated with a particular
Maintenance Entity.
2.1. Maintenance Entity
A Maintenance Entity can be viewed as the association of two (or
more) Maintenance End Points (MEPs). The MEPs that form an ME should
be configured and managed to limit the OAM responsibilities of an OAM
flow within a network or sub-network, or a transport path or segment,
in the specific layer network that is being monitored and managed.
Any maintenance point in between the two MEPs is a Maintenance
Intermediate Points (MIP).
A Maintenance Entity may be defined to monitor and manage bi-
directional or unidirectional point-to-point connectivity or point-
to-multipoint connectivity in an MPLS-TP layer network.
MPLS-TP OAM functions are designed to be applied either on an end-to-
end basis, e.g., between the LERs of a given LSP or T-PEs of a given
PW, or on a per tandem connection basis, e.g., between any LER/LSR of
a given LSP or any T-PE/S-PE of a given PW.
The end points of a tandem connection are MEPs because the tandem
connection is by definition a Maintenance Entity.
Therefore, in the context of MPLS-TP LSP or PW Maintenance Entity
(defined below) LERs and T-PEs can be MEPs while LSRs and S-PEs can
be MIPs. In the case of Tandem Connection Maintenance Entity (defined
below), LSRs and S-PEs can be either MEPs or MIPs.
The following properties apply to all MPLS-TP MEs:
o OAM entities can be nested but not overlapped.
o Each OAM flow is associated to a unique Maintenance Entity.
o OAM packets are subject to the same forwarding treatment (e.g.
fate share) as the data traffic, but they can be distinguished
from the data traffic using the GAL and GE-ACH constructs .[9] for
LSP and the PW-ACH construct .[6] for (MS-)PW.
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2.2. Maintenance End Points (MEPs)
Maintenance End Points (MEPs) are the end points of a pre-configured
(through the management or control planes) ME. MEPs are responsible
for activating and controlling all of the OAM functionality for the
ME. A MEP may initiate an OAM packet to be transferred to its
corresponding MEP, or to an intermediate MIP that is part of the ME.
A MEP terminates all the OAM packets that it receives corresponding
to its ME and does not forward them further along the path.
All OAM packets coming to a MEP source are tunnelled via label
stacking and are not processed within the ME as they belong either to
the client network layers or to an higher TCM level.
A MEP in a tandem connection is not coincident with the termination
of the MPLS-TP transport path (LSP or PW), though it can monitor its
connectivity (e.g. count packets). A MEP of an MPLS-TP network
transport path is coincident with transport path termination and
monitors its connectivity (e.g. count packets).
MPLS-TP MEP notifies a fault indication to the MPLS-TP client layer
network.
2.3. Maintenance Intermediate Points (MIPs)
A Maintenance Intermediate Point (MIP) is a point between the two
MEPs in an ME that is capable of reacting to some OAM packets and
forwarding all OAM packets while ensuring fate sharing with data
plane packets. A MIP belongs to only one ME.
A MIP does not initiate OAM packets, but may be addressed by OAM
packets initiated by one of the MEPs of the ME. A MIP can generate
OAM packets only in reaction to OAM packets that are sent on the ME
it belongs to.
MIPs are unaware of any OAM flows running between MEPs or between
MEPs and other MIPs. MIPs can only receive and process OAM packets
addressed to the MIP itself.
A MIP takes no action on the MPLS-TP transport path.
2.4. Server MEPs
A server MEP is a MEP of an ME that is defined in a layer network
below the MPLS-TP layer network being referenced. A server MEP
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coincides with either a MIP or a MEP in the client (MPLS-TP) layer
network.
For example, a server MEP can be either:
o A termination point of a physical link (e.g. 802.3), an SDH VC or
OTH ODU for the MPLS-TP Section layer network, defined in section
.3.1. ;
o An MPLS-TP Section MEP for MPLS-TP LSPs, defined in section .3.2.
;
o An MPLS-TP LSP MEP for MPLS-TP PWs, defined in section .3.4. ;
o An MPLS-TP TCM MEP for higher-level TCMs, defined in sections .
3.3. and .3.5.
The server MEP can run appropriate OAM functions for fault detection,
and notifies a fault indication to the MPLS-TP layer network.
3. Reference Model
The reference model for MPLS-TP OAM framework builds upon the concept
of an ME, and its associated MEPs and MIPs, to support the functional
requirements specified in .[10].
The following MPLS-TP MEs are specified in this document:
o A Section Maintenance Entity (SME), allowing monitoring and
management of MPLS-TP Sections (between MPLS LSRs).
o A LSP Maintenance Entity (LME), allowing monitoring and management
of an end-to-end LSP (between LERs).
o A PW Maintenance Entity (PME), allowing monitoring and management
of an end-to-end SS/MS-PWs (between T-PEs).
o An LSP Tandem Connection Maintenance Entity (TLME), allowing
monitoring and management of an LSP Tandem Connection (or LSP
Segment) between any LER/LSR along the LSP.
o A MS-PW Tandem Connection Maintenance Entity (TPME), allows
monitoring and management of a SS/MS-PW Tandem Connection (or PW
Segment) between any T-PE/S-PE along the (MS-)PW.
The MEs specified in this MPLS-TP framework are intended to be
compliant with the architecture framework for MS-PWs .[7] and MPLS
LSPs .[2].
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Native |<-------------------- PW15 --------------------->| Native
Layer | | Layer
Service | |<-PSN13->| |<-PSN3X->| |<-PSNXZ->| | Service
(AC1) V V LSP V V LSP V V LSP V V (AC2)
+----+ +-+ +----+ +----+ +-+ +----+
+----+ |TPE1| | | |SPE3| |SPEX| | | |TPEZ| +----+
| | | |=========| |=========| |=========| | | |
| CE1|--------|........PW1........|...PW3...|........PW5........|-------|CE2 |
| | | |=========| |=========| |=========| | | |
+----+ | 1 | |2| | 3 | | X | |Y| | Z | +----+
+----+ +-+ +----+ +----+ +-+ +----+
|<- Subnetwork 123->| |<- Subnetwork XYZ->|
.------------------- PW15 PME -------------------.
.----- PW1 TPME ----. .---- PW5 TPME -----.
.---------. .---------.
PSN13 LME PSNXZ LME
.--. .--. .--------. .--. .--.
Sec12 SME Sec23 SME Sec3X SME SecXY SME SecYZ SME
TPE1: Terminating Provider Edge 1 SPE2: Switching Provider Edge 3
TPEX: Terminating Provider Edge X SPEZ: Switching Provider Edge Z
.---. ME . MEP ==== LSP .... PW
Figure 1: Reference Model for the MPLS-TP OAM Framework
Figure 1 depicts a high-level reference model for the MPLS-TP OAM
framework. The figure depicts portions of two MPLS-TP enabled
subnetworks, Subnetwork 123 and Subnetwork XYZ. In Subnetwork 123,
LSR 1 is adjacent to LSR 2 via the MPLS Section Sec12 and LSR2 is
adjacent to LSR3 via the MPLS Section Sec23. Similarly, In Subnetwork
XYZ, LSR X is adjacent to LSR Y via the MPLS Section SecXY and LSR Y
is adjacent to LSR Z via the MPLS Section SecYZ. In addition, LSR 3
is adjacent to LSR X via the MPLS Section 3X.
Figure 1 also shows a bi-directional MS-PW (PW15) between AC1 on LSR
1 (TPE1) and AC2 on LSR Z (TPEZ). The MS-PW consists of 3 bi-
directional PW Segments: 1) PW Segment 1 (PW1) between LSR 1 (TPE1)
and LSR 3 (SPE3) via the bi-directional PSN13 LSP, 2) PW Segment 3
(PW3) between LSR 3 (SPE3) and LSR X (SPEX), and 3) PW Segment 5
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(PW5) between LSR X (SPEX) and LSR Z (TPEZ) via the bi-directional
PSNXZ LSP.
The MPLS-TP OAM procedures that apply to an instance of given ME are
expected to operate independently from procedures on other instances
of the same ME and certainly of other MEs. Yet, this does not
preclude that multiple MEs may be affected simultaneously by the same
network condition, for example, a fiber cut event.
The subsections below define the MEs specified in this MPLS-TP OAM
architecture framework document. Unless otherwise stated, all
references to subnetworks, LSRs, MPLS Sections, LSP, pseudowires and
MEs in this Section are made in relation to those shown in Figure 1.
3.1. MPLS-TP Section Monitoring
An MPLS-TP Section ME (SME) is an MPLS-TP maintenance entity intended
to monitor the forwarding behaviour of an MPLS Section as defined in
.[9]. An SME may be configured on any MPLS section. SME OAM packets
fate share with the user data packets sent over the monitored MPLS
Section.
An SME is intended to be deployed for applications where it is
preferable to monitor the link between the topologically adjacent
MPLS (and MPLS-TP enabled) LSRs rather than monitoring the individual
LSP or PW segments traversing the MPLS Section. A representative
application is collecting link-level PM statistics at the node-to-
node interfaces (NNI) in MPLS-TP sub-network domains.
|<-------------------- PW15 --------------------->|
| |
| |<-PSN13->| |<-PSN3X->| |<-PSNXZ->| |
V V LSP V V LSP V V LSP V V
+----+ +-+ +----+ +----+ +-+ +----+
+----+ |TPE1| | | |SPE3| |SPEX| | | |TPEZ| +----+
| | AC1 | |=========| |=========| |=========| | AC2 | |
| CE1|--------|........PW1........|...PW3...|........PW5........|-------|CE2 |
| | | |=========| |=========| |=========| | | |
+----+ | 1 | |2| | 3 | | X | |Y| | Z | +----+
+----+ +-+ +----+ +----+ +-+ +----+
.--. .--. .--------. .--. .--.
Sec12 SME Sec23 SME Sec3X SME SecXY SME SecYZ SME
Figure 2: Example of MPLS-TP Section MEs (SME)
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Figure 2 shows 5 Section MEs configured in the path between AC1 and
AC2: 1) Sec12 ME associated with the MPLS Section between LSR 1 and
LSR 2, 2) Sec23 ME associated with the MPLS Section between LSR 2 and
LSR 3, 3) Sec3X ME associated with the MPLS Section between LSR 3 and
LSR X, 4) SecXY ME associated with the MPLS Section between LSR X and
LSR Y, and 5) SecYZ ME associated with the MPLS Section between LSR Y
and LSR Z.
3.2. MPLS-TP LSP End-to-End Monitoring
An MPLS-TP LSP ME (LME) is an MPLS-TP maintenance entity intended to
monitor the forwarding behaviour of an end-to-end LSP between two
(e.g., a point-to-point LSP) or more (e.g., a point-to-multipoint
LSP) LERs. An LME may be configured on any MPLS LSP. LME OAM packets
fate share with user data packets sent over the monitored MPLS LSP.
An LME is intended to be deployed in scenarios where it is desirable
to monitor the forwarding behaviour of an entire LSP between a pair
of MPLS LERs, rather than, say, monitoring individual PWs. A
representative application is collecting PM statistics of PSN LSP
that is being used to provide a "tunnelling services" for a number of
other LSPs.
|<-------------------- PW15 --------------------->|
| |
| |<-PSN13->| |<-PSN3X->| |<-PSNXZ->| |
V V LSP V V LSP V V LSP V V
+----+ +-+ +----+ +----+ +-+ +----+
+----+ |TPE1| | | |SPE3| |SPEX| | | |TPEZ| +----+
| | AC1 | |=========| |=========| |=========| | AC2 | |
| CE1|--------|........PW1........|...PW3...|........PW5........|-------|CE2 |
| | | |=========| |=========| |=========| | | |
+----+ | 1 | |2| | 3 | | X | |Y| | Z | +----+
+----+ +-+ +----+ +----+ +-+ +----+
.---------. .---------.
PSN13 LME PSNXZ LME
Figure 3: Examples of MPLS-TP LSP MEs (LME)
Figure 3 depicts 2 LMEs configured in the path between AC1 and AC2:
1) the PSN13 LME between LER 1 and LER 3, and 2) the PSNXZ LME
between LER X and LER Y.
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3.3. MPLS-TP LSP Tandem Connection Monitoring
An MPLS-TP LSP Tandem Connection Monitoring ME (TLME) is an MPLS-TP
maintenance entity intended to monitor the forwarding behaviour of an
LSP Segment between a given pair of LSRs. Multiple TLME MAY BE
configured on any LSP Segment. The LSR may or may not be immediately
adjacent at the MPLS layer. TLME OAM packets fate share with the user
data packets sent over the monitored LSP segment.
A TLME can be defined between the following entities:
o LER and any LSR of a given LSP.
o Any two LSRs of a given LSP.
A TLME is intended to be deployed in scenarios where it is preferable
to monitor the behaviour of a segment of an LSP rather than the
entire LSP itself. A representative application is when there is a
need to monitor a segment of an LSP that extends beyond the
administrative boundaries of an MPLS-TP enabled administrative
domain.
|<--------------------- PW15 -------------------->|
| |
| |<--------------PSN1Z LSP-------------->| |
| |<-PSN13->| |<-PSN3X->| |<-PSNXZ->| |
V V S-LSP V V S-LSP V V S-LSP V V
+----+ +-+ +----+ +----+ +-+ +----+
+----+ | PE1| | | | PB3| | PBX| | | | PEZ| +----+
| | AC1 | |=======================================| | AC2 | |
| CE1|--------|......................PW15.......................|-------|CE2 |
| | | |=======================================| | | |
+----+ | 1 | |2| | 3 | | X | |Y| | Z | +----+
+----+ +-+ +----+ +----+ +-+ +----+
.--------. .---------.
PSN13 TLME PSNXZ TLME
PB: Provider Border LSR
Figure 4: MPLS-TP LSP Tandem Conection Monitoring ME (TLME)
Figure 4 depicts a variation of the reference model in Figure 1 where
there is an end-to-end PSN LSP (PSN1Z LSP) between PE1 and PEZ. PSN1Z
LSP consists of, at least, three stitched LSP Segments: PSN13, PSN3X
and PSNXZ. In this scenario there are two separate TLMEs configured
to monitor the forwarding behaviour of the PSN1Z LSP: 1) a TLME
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monitoring the PSN13 LSP Segment on Subnetwork 123 (PSN13 TLME), and
2) a TLME monitoring the PSNXZ LSP Segment on Subnetwork XYZ (PSNXZ
TLME).
3.4. MPLS-TP PW Monitoring
An MPLS-TP PW ME (PME) is an MPLS-TP maintenance entity intended to
monitor the end-to-end forwarding behaviour of a SS-PW or MS-PW
between a pair of T-PEs. A PME MAY be configured on any SS-PW or MS-
PW. PME OAM packets fate share with the user data packets sent over
the monitored PW.
A PME is intended to be deployed in scenarios where it is desirable
to monitor the forwarding behaviour of an entire PW between a pair of
MPLS-TP enabled T-PEs rather than monitoring the LSP aggregating
multiple PWs between PEs. A representative application is on either
SS-PW or MS-PW used to emulate traffic for which an SLA with QoS
commitments may apply (e.g., an emulated DS1/E1 or the emulated CBR
connection of an ATM VCC/VPC).
|<-------------------- PW15 --------------------->|
| |
| |<-PSN13->| |<-PSN3X->| |<-PSNXZ->| |
V V LSP V V LSP V V LSP V V
+----+ +-+ +----+ +----+ +-+ +----+
+----+ |TPE1| | | |SPE3| |SPEX| | | |TPEZ| +----+
| | AC1 | |=========| |=========| |=========| | AC2 | |
| CE1|--------|........PW1........|...PW3...|........PW5........|-------|CE2 |
| | | |=========| |=========| |=========| | | |
+----+ | 1 | |2| | 3 | | X | |Y| | Z | +----+
+----+ +-+ +----+ +----+ +-+ +----+
.---------------------PW15 PME--------------------.
Figure 5: MPLS-TP PW ME (PME)
Figure 5 depicts a MS-PW (PW15) consisting of three segments: PW1,
PW3 and PW5 and its associated end-to-end PME (PW15 PME).
3.5. MPLS-TP MS-PW Tandem Connection Monitoring
An MPLS-TP MS-PW Tandem Connection Monitoring ME (TPME) is an MPLS-TP
maintenance entity intended to monitor the forwarding behaviour of
one or more MS-PW segments between a given pair of PEs. Multiple
TPMEs MAY be configured on any sub-path of a MS-PW. The PEs may or
may not be immediately adjacent at the MS-PW layer. TPME OAM packets
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fate share with the user data packets sent over the monitored MS-PW
Segment.
A TPME can be defined between the following entities:
o T-PE and any S-PE of a given MS-PW
o Any two S-PEs of a given MS-PW. It can span several PW
segments.
A TPME is intended to be deployed in scenarios where it is preferable
to monitor the behaviour of a segment of a MS-PW rather than the
entire end-to-end PW itself. A representative application is to
collect PM statistics for the MS-PW Segment within a given network
domain of an inter-domain PW.
|<-------------------- PW15 --------------------->|
| |
| |<-PSN13->| |<-PSN3X->| |<-PSNXZ->| |
V V LSP V V LSP V V LSP V V
+----+ +-+ +----+ +----+ +-+ +----+
+----+ |TPE1| | | |SPE3| |SPEX| | | |TPEZ| +----+
| | AC1 | |=========| |=========| |=========| | AC2 | |
| CE1|--------|........PW1........|...PW3...|........PW5........|-------|CE2 |
| | | |=========| |=========| |=========| | | |
+----+ | 1 | |2| | 3 | | X | |Y| | Z | +----+
+----+ +-+ +----+ +----+ +-+ +----+
.-----PW1 TPME------. .------PW5 TPME------.
Figure 6: MPLS-TP MS-PW Tandem Connection Monitoring (TPME)
Figure 6 depicts the same MS-PW (PW15) between AC1 and AC2 as in
Figure 5. In this scenario there are two separate TPMEs configured to
monitor the forwarding behaviour of PW15: 1) a TPME monitoring the
PW1 MS-PW Segment on Subnetwork 123 (PW1 TPME), and 2) a TPME
monitoring the PW4 MS-PW Segment on Subnetwork XYZ with (PW5 TPME).
4. OAM Functions for pro-active monitoring
4.1. Continuity Check and Connectivity Verification
Proactive Continuity Check (CC) and Connectivity Verification (CV)
function is used to detect loss of continuity (LOC), unintended
connectivity between two MEs (e.g. mismerging or misconnection) as
well as unintended connectivity within the ME with an unexpected MEP.
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Proactive CC & CV is based upon the generation of OAM CC/CV packets,
carrying a unique ME identifier, at a regular configurable timing
rate and the detection of LOC when these packets do not arrive. If
the received ME identifier does not match the expected ME identifier,
a connectivity defect has occurred. The default CC/CV transmission
periods are application dependent (see section .4.1.1. )
For statically provisioned connections, the transmission period and
the ME identifier are statically configured at both MEPs. For
dynamically established connections, the transmission period and the
ME identifier are signaled via the control plane.
In a bidirectional point-to-point connection, when a MEP is enabled
to generate CC/CV packets with a configured transmission period, it
also expects to receive CC/CV packets from its peer MEP with the same
transmission period. In a unidirectional connection (point-to-point
or point-to-multipoint), only the source MEP is enabled to generate
packets with CC/CV information. This MEP does not expect to receive
any packets with CC/CV information from its peer MEPs in the ME.
MIPs as well as intermediate nodes not supporting MPLS-TP OAM are
transparent to the pro-active CC/CV information and forward pro-
active CC/CV packets as regular data packets.
When CC & CV is enabled, a MEP periodically transmits CC/CV packets
with frequency of the configured transmission period.
If no CC/CV packets from a peer MEP are received within the interval
equal to 3.5 times the transmission period, loss of continuity (LOC)
defect with the peer MEP is detected.
When a CC/CV packet is received, a MEP is capable to detect a
mis-connectivity defect (e.g. mismerge or misconnection) with another
ME when either:
o It is enabled to received CC/CV packets and the received CC/CV
packet carries an incorrect ME identifier
o It is not enabled to receive CC/CV packets
If CC/CV packets are received with a transmission period different
than expected, CC/CV period mis-configuration defect is detected.
A receiving MEP notifies the equipment fault management process when
it detects the above defect conditions.
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4.1.1. Applications for proactive CC & CV function
CC & CV is applicable for fault management, performance monitoring,
or protection switching applications.
o Fault Management: default transmission period is 1s (i.e.
transmission rate of 1 packet/second)
o Performance Monitoring: default transmission period is 100ms (i.e.
transmission rate of 10 packets/second)
o Protection Switching: in order to achieve sub-50ms recovery time
the default transmission period is 3.33ms (i.e. transmission rate
of 300 packets/second) although a transmission period of 10ms can
also be used. In some cases, when a slower recovery time is
acceptable, it is also possible to relax the transmission period.
4.2. Remote Defect Indication
The Remote Defect Indication (RDI) is an indicator that is
transmitted by a MEP to communicate to its peer MEPs that a signal
fail condition exists. RDI is only used for bidirectional
connections and is associated with proactive CC & CV packet
generation.
A MEP that has identified a signal fail related defect should include
the RDI in all OAM CC/CV packets that it generates for the duration
of the defect condition existence. A MEP that receives the packets
with the RDI information should determine that its peer MEP has
encountered a defect condition associated with a signal fail. MIPs
should be transparent to the RDI indicator and should forward packets
that include the indicator, i.e. the MIP should not perform any
actions nor examine the indicator.
When the signal condition clears, the MEP should clear the RDI
indicator from subsequent transmission of OAM CC/CV packets. Peer
MEP, that have set the RDI condition, should clear the condition upon
reception of a packet from the source MEP with the RDI indicator
cleared.
4.2.1. Configuration considerations
In order to support RDI indication, the RDI transmission rate and PHB
of the MEP should be configured as part of the CC & CV configuration.
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4.2.2. Applications for Remote Defect Indication
RDI is applicable for the following applications:
o Single-ended fault management - A receiving MEP detects the RDI
defect condition, which when correlated with other defect
conditions in the receiving MEP may become a fault case.
o Contribution to far-end performance monitoring - The indication of
the far-end defect condition is used as input to the performance
monitoring process.
4.3. Alarm Suppression
Alarm Indication Signal function (AIS) is used to suppress alarms
following detection of defect conditions at the server (sub) layer.
o Packets with AIS information can be issued at a MEP, including a
Server MEP, upon detecting defect conditions.
A server MEP is responsible for notifying the MPLS-TP layer network
MEP upon fault detection in the server layer network to which the
server MEP is associated.
Only Server MEPs can issue MPLS-TP packets with AIS information. Upon
detection of a signal fail condition the Server MEP can immediately
start transmitting packets with AIS information periodically. A
Server MEP continues to transmit periodic packets with AIS
information until the signal fail condition is cleared.
Upon receiving a packet with AIS information a MEP detects an AIS
defect condition and suppresses loss of continuity alarms associated
with all its peer MEPs. A MEP resumes loss of continuity alarm
generation upon detecting loss of continuity defect conditions in the
absence of AIS condition.
Specific configuration information required by a MEP to support AIS
transmission is the following:
o PHB - identifies the per-hop behaviour of packet with AIS
information.
A MIP is transparent to packets with AIS information and therefore
does not require any information to support AIS functionality.
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4.4. Lock Indication
To be incorporated in a future revision of this document
4.5. Packet Loss Measurement
To be incorporated in a future revision of this document
4.6. Client Signal Fail
To be incorporated in a future revision of this document
5. OAM Functions for on-demand monitoring
5.1. Continuity Check and Connectivity Verification
In order to preserve network resources, e.g. bandwidth, processing
time at switches, it may be preferable to not use continual pro-
active CC & CV. In order to perform fault management functions
network management may invoke periodic on-demand bursts of CC & CV
packets. Use of on-demand CC & CV is dependent on the existence of a
bi-directional connection ME.
An additional use of on-demand CC & CV would be to detect and locate
a problem of connectivity when a problem is suspected or known based
on other tools. In this case the functionality will be triggered by
the network management in response to a status signal or alarm
indication.
On-demand CC & CV is based upon generation of OAM CC & CV packets
that should uniquely identify the ME that is being checked. The on-
demand functionality may be used to check either an entire ME (end-
to-end) or between a MEP to a specific MIP.
On-demand CC & CV may generate a one-time burst of OAM CC/CV packets,
or be used to invoke periodic, non-continuous, bursts of OAM CC/CV
packets. The number of packets generated in each burst is
configurable at the MEPs, and should take into account normal packet-
loss conditions.
When invoking a periodic check of the ME, the source MEP should issue
a burst of OAM CC/CV packets that uniquely identifies the ME being
verified. The number of packets and their transmission rate should
be pre-configured and known to both the source MEP and the target MEP
or MIP. The source MEP should use the TTL field to indicate the
number of hops necessary, when targeting a MIP and use the default
value when performing an end-to-end. The target MEP/MIP shall return
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a reply OAM CC/CV packet for each packet received. If the expected
number of OAM CC/CV reply packets is not received at source MEP, a
LOC state is detected.
When a connectivity problem is detected (e.g. via a pro-active CC&CV
OAM tool), on demand CC&CV tool can be used to check the path. The
series should check CC&CV from MEP to peer MEP on the path, and if a
fault is discovered, by lack of response, then additional checks may
be performed to each of the intermediate MIP to locate the fault.
5.1.1. Configuration considerations
For on-demand CC & CV the MEP should support configuration of number
of packets to be transmitted/received in each burst of transmissions
and the transmission rate should be either pre-configured or
negotiated between the different nodes.
In addition, when the CC & CV packet is checking connectivity toward
a target MIP, the number of hops to reach the target MIP should be
configured.
The PHB of the CC & CV packets should be configured as well.
5.2. Packet Loss Measurement
To be incorporated in a future revision of this document
5.3. Diagnostic Test
To be incorporated in a future revision of this document
5.4. Trace routing
To be incorporated in a future revision of this document
5.5. Packet Delay Measurement
To be incorporated in a future revision of this document
6. OAM Protocols Overview
To be incorporated in a future revision of this document
7. Security Considerations
To be incorporated in a future revision of this document
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8. IANA Considerations
To be incorporated in a future revision of this document
9. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank all members of the teams (the Joint
Working Team, the MPLS Interoperability Design Team in IETF and the
T-MPLS Ad Hoc Group in ITU-T) involved in the definition and
specification of MPLS Transport Profile.
10. References
10.1. Normative References
[1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997
[2] Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., Callon, R., "Multiprotocol Label
Switching Architecture", RFC 3031, January 2001
[3] Rosen, E., et al., "MPLS Label Stack Encoding", RFC 3032,
January 2001
[4] Agarwal, P., Akyol, B., "Time To Live (TTL) Processing in
Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Networks", RFC 3443,
January 2003
[5] Bryant, S., Pate, P., "Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge
(PWE3) Architecture", RFC 3985, March 2005
[6] Nadeau, T., Pignataro, S., "Pseudowire Virtual Circuit
Connectivity Verification (VCCV): A Control Channel for
Pseudowires", RFC 5085, December 2007
[7] Bocci, M., Bryant, S., "An Architecture for Multi-Segment
Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge", draft-ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-
arch-05 (work in progress), September 2008
[8] Bocci, M., et al., " A Framework for MPLS in Transport
Networks", draft-blb-mpls-tp-framework-00 (work in progress),
July 2008
[9] Vigoureux, M., Bocci, M., Swallow, G., Ward, D., Aggarwal, R.,
" MPLS Generic Associated Channel ", draft-bocci-mpls-tp-gach-
gal-00, October 2008
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10.2. Informative References
[10] Vigoureux, M., Betts, M., Ward, D., "Requirements for OAM in
MPLS Transport Networks", draft-vigoureux-mpls-tp-oam-
requirements-00, July 2008
[11] Sprecher, N., Nadeau, T., van Helvoort, H., Weingarten, Y., "
MPLS-TP OAM Analysis", draft-sprecher-mpls-tp-oam-analysis-02
(work in progress), September 2008
[12] ITU-T Recommendation G.707/Y.1322 (01/07), " Network node
interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)", 2007
Authors' Addresses
Italo Busi (Editor)
Alcatel-Lucent
Email: italo.busi@alcatel-lucent.it
Ben Niven-Jenkins (Editor)
BT
Email: benjamin.niven-jenkins@bt.com
Contributing Authors' Addresses
Annamaria Fulignoli
Ericsson
Email: annamaria.fulignoli@ericsson.com
Enrique Hernandez-Valencia
Alcatel-Lucent
Email: enrique@alcatel-lucent.com
Lieven Levrau
Alcatel-Lucent
Email: llevrau@alcatel-lucent.com
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Dinesh Mohan (Editor)
Nortel
Email: mohand@nortel.com
Vincenzo Sestito
Alcatel-Lucent
Email: vincenzo.sestito@alcatel-lucent.it
Nurit Sprecher
Nokia Siemens Networks
Email: nurit.sprecher@nsn.com
Huub van Helvoort
Huawei Technologies
Email: hhelvoort@huawei.com
Martin Vigoureux
Alcatel-Lucent
Email: martin.vigoureux@alcatel-lucent.fr
Yaacov Weingarten
Nokia Siemens Networks
Email: yaacov.weingarten@nsn.com
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